Libertad de religion en Chile : Colision de derechos en el ambito de su ejercicio.

89 p.El 14 de octubre de 1999 se publicó en el Diario Oficial la ley Nº 19.638, que situó a todas las confesiones religiosas en un plano de igualdad para el ejercicio de la libertad de religión. Según lo establecido en esta ley, todas las confesiones tienen las mismas prerrogativas. Un problema que surge, es la colisión de derechos en el ejercicio de la libertad de religión, en relación con el cual este trabajo pretende determinar la existencia de diferencias entre la legislación y jurisprudencia chilena y española, y si es así, señalar la respuesta dada por dicho ordenamiento jurídico a la problemática de la colisión de derechos en materia de la libertad de religión. Pretendemos vislumbrar las deficiencias y virtudes de la regulación nacional en esta materia

MACHINE LEARNING TO SUPPORT INDUSTRIAL DIGITALIZATION AND BUSINESS TRANSFORMATION

This paper addresses use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and in particular Intelligent Agents (IA) in order to evaluate efficiency of information exchange and awareness in Small and Medium Enterprise (SME), with particular attention to digital transformation. To perform required experimentation, the authors have developed a Serious Game (SG) named JANUS, in which the player interacts with intelligent agents representing a virtual company and its actions aim to acquire as much as possible data about the organization

Local biodiversity is higher inside than outside terrestrial protected areas worldwide

Protected areas are widely considered essential for biodiversity conservation. However, few global studies have demonstrated that protection benefits a broad range of species. Using a new global biodiversity database with unprecedented geographic and taxonomic coverage, we compare four biodiversity measures at sites sampled in multiple land uses inside and outside protected areas. Globally, species richness is 10.7% higher and abundance 14.5% higher in samples taken inside protected areas compared to samples taken outside, but neither rarefaction-based richness nor endemicity differ significantly. Importantly, we show that the positive effects of protection are mostly attributable to differences in land use between protected and unprotected sites. Nonetheless, even within some human-dominated land uses, species richness and abundance are higher in protected sites. Our results reinforce the global importance of protected areas but suggest that protection does not consistently benefit species with small ranges or increase the variety of ecological niches

Immersive and Distributed Technologies for Simulation and Industrial Innovation

Today innovative technologies allow to develop new performing systems; therefore, also complex in terms of interactions among components and emerging behaviors. Usually, in these systems it is necessary not only to properly design and engineer the single component, but even the whole system, as well as the interactions with humans devoted to operate or to supervise with it; from this point of view digital technologies and simulation models are crucial and they allow to identify new and high performing configurations as well as requirements for man machine interface, innovative strategies and training programs. Indeed, in many cases the humans represent a critical element of the system itself as it is evident when we address the crew of a vessel or of a plane. Consequently, the human factors and digital technologies that enable people to develop new use cases and improve decision making are an essential component to drive innovation and design new systems; in this Thesis different cases have been investigated by using innovative simulation models and studying the application of digital technologies. The first case is about an innovative immersive simulation system for training the crew of NH90 aircraft; the simulator is based on virtual reality technologies (e.g. head mounted display) integrated with an electromechanical motion platform, this layout creates an interactive and immersive training equipment, able to guarantee high quality training as well as compact and transportable quite low-cost solution. Furthermore, it has been developed an automated system to collect data about the user’s response time to visual stimuli and it has been analyzed the possible negative training risk related to adopt these technologies in terms of impacts on human factors as well as on the simulation sickness phenomenon. Furthermore, the application of Internet of Things and Cloud technologies will be analyzed to highlight relevant aspects of real use cases in the industrial sector.Indeed, a functional study of the application of IoT to optimize resources in the industrial sector is presented with the proposition of a cloud architecture to automate the recognition of technical documentation

Extended Reality Technologies for Industrial Innovation

This paper presents an overview on immersive technologies in relation to their potential for industrial innovation. In particular, Extended Reality (XR) is proposed by describing the most common solutions and innovative methods to overcome inherent problems of these technologies. Virtual & Augmented Reality (VR & AR ) are presented respect their potential for uses such as innovative human-machine interfaces, remote maintenance, remote commissioning, 3D rendering, virtual factory, virtual assembly and training. The paper analyze the strong contribution that Immersive Technologies are bringing in multiple sectors including Industries and the future trends aiming to further increase usability of these technologies such as it is happening in overcoming spatial constraints

Vitamin D and Lung Outcomes in Elderly COVID-19 Patients

Background and aim: Vitamin D deficiency is frequently reported in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this study was to correlate the 25OH-Vitamin D serum concentrations with clinical parameters of lung involvement, in elderly patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: Sixty-five consecutive COVID-19 patients (mean age 76 +/- 13 years) and sixty-five sex- and age-matched control subjects (CNT) were analyzed. The following clinical parameters, including comorbidities, were collected at admission: type of pulmonary involvement, respiratory parameters (PaO2, SO2, PaCO2, PaO2/FiO(2)), laboratory parameters (including 25OH-vitamin D, D-dimer, C-reactive protein). Results: Significantly lower vitamin D serum levels were found in COVID-19 patients than in CNT (median 7.9 vs. 16.3 ng/mL, p = 0.001). Interestingly, a statistically significant positive correlation was observed between vitamin D serum levels and PaO2 (p = 0.03), SO2 (p = 0.05), PaO2/FiO(2) (p = 0.02), while a statistically significant negative correlation was found between vitamin D serum levels and D-dimer (p = 0.04), C-reactive protein (p = 0.04) and percentage of O-2 in a venturi mask (p = 0.04). A negative correlation was also observed between vitamin D serum levels and severity of radiologic pulmonary involvement, evaluated by computed tomography: in particular, vitamin D was found significantly lower in COVID-19 patients with either multiple lung consolidations (p = 0.0001) or diffuse/severe interstitial lung involvement than in those with mild involvement (p = 0.05). Finally, significantly lower vitamin D serum levels were found in the elderly COVID-19 patients who died during hospitalization, compared to those who survived (median 3.0 vs. 8.4 ng/mL, p = 0.046). Conclusions: This study confirms that 25OH-vitamin D serum deficiency is associated with more severe lung involvement, longer disease duration and risk of death, in elderly COVID-19 patients. The detection of low vitamin D levels also in younger COVID-19 patients with less comorbidities further suggests vitamin D deficiency as crucial risk factor at any age

Duration of untreated depression influences clinical outcomes and disability

Background The duration of untreated depression (DUD) might have a substantial impact on the clinical outcomes; however, there are important knowledge gaps including the effects on disability and potential differences between first-episode and recurrent episodes of depression. Methods We recruited 121 outpatients with first episode and recurrent major depression, and conducted prospective clinical assessments over six months. Clinical outcomes included response to antidepressant therapy, remission and changes in disability. Results Patients with a DUD of six months or shorter were more frequently young, unemployed and had higher levels of physical illnesses than those with a longer DUD (all p<0.05). A shorter DUD was associated with significantly higher odds of response at 12 weeks (adjusted odds ratio 2.8; 95% CI: 1.2-6.8) and remission at 24 weeks (4.1; 95% CI: 1.6-10.5) after adjusting for relevant confounders. Changes in disability ratings were analyzed with growth curve analysis and showed steeper declines among those with a shorter DUD. The associations of DUD on clinical outcomes were evident both in patients with first-episode and recurrent depression. Limitations Naturalistic design. Self-rated assessment of disability. Findings from subgroup analyses should be replicated in larger sample size. Conclusions A shorter duration of untreated depression is associated with more favorable outcomes for major depression, including depression-related disability. This association seems to work both at the first and recurrent episodes, which might have direct implications for both primary and secondary prevention